To do this, press and hold the "Home" button and "Sleep/Wake" buttons simultaneously until you see the Apple logo appear on your screen. You will need to hold the two buttons for about ten seconds before the logo will appear; release the buttons when you see the logo and the iPhone will automatically reset itself.
I tend to think this is relevant as to how mass society is overrun by technique, technology in the present day future. One of the ways that is affected and effected by the Internet is audience fragmentation. James Webster below, where we are thusly informed that:. We begin by outlining a theoretical framework which identifies the factors that promote or mitigate fragmentation. We review three different ways of studying fragmentation.
The first is a media-centric approach that tallies total attendance across outlets or products. This mode of analysis is typified by trend lines, long tails, and power law distributions. The second is a user- centric approach that focuses on the media repertoires of individual consumers. We then describe an alternative audience-centric approach.
We demonstrate this third approach by applying network analysis metrics to data from Nielsen’s TV/Internet Convergence Panel, which tracked television and internet use across the same sample. Finally, we offer an assessment of where audience fragmentation is headed. Rather, they show high levels of overlap across outlets, drawing into question assertions that audience fragmentation is indicative of social polarization.
Fragmentation results from the interaction of media and audiences. It is best understood with a theory that lets us move easily between the macro-level effects of structure and the micro- level actions of users. In a nutshell, we see media as providing resources (media providers) that agents (media users) appropriate to accomplish their purposes. To do this effectively, both parties rely heavily on information regimes (media measures) to monitor consumption.
This is a recursive process in which users both reproduce and alter the structural features of the environment. In other words, the media environment is jointly constructed from the interaction of structures and agents - something Giddens called a “duality.” Below, we identify the principle components of the model, highlighting those factors that shape fragmentation.
The most obvious cause of fragmentation is a steady growth in the number of media outlets and products competing for public attention. This happens when established media, like television, expand or when newer media, like the internet, enter the competition. These are sometimes categorized as intra- and inter-media fragmentation respectively (Napoli, 2003), though, as digital technologies make it easier for both content and users to move across platforms, such distinctions seem less important. Whatever their means of delivery, media providers work to attract the attention of users.
Unfortunately, the supply of public attention is limited and, given the endless number of claimants, scarce. What media users do with all those resources is another matter. Most theorists expect them to choose the media products they prefer. Those preferences might reflect user needs, moods, attitudes, or tastes, but their actions are “rational” in the sense that they serve those psychological predispositions.
Whether people use the growing abundance to consume a steady diet of their preferred genre, or to sample a diverse range of materials is an open question. Social scientists typically expect users to know a good deal about the environment in which they operate. Users cope with these difficulties in a variety of ways.
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